Flatfoot (Pes Planus) Claims Guide

Before getting into the entrance-exam trap and the specific pathways below, it helps to understand the three things every VA claim, including flatfoot, ultimately has to show under 38 CFR § 3.303.

1. A current diagnosis. A doctor has to confirm you have flatfoot (pes planus) now. If the record has no diagnosis, the claim fails no matter what else is true.
2. An in-service cause or worsening. Something in service must have caused the flatfoot, or made a flat foot you already had get worse. Flatfoot is very often noted at the entrance exam, which changes the whole case, see the entrance-exam trap below.
3. A medical link (nexus). The evidence must connect your service to your current flatfoot. This can come from a private doctor, a VA examiner, or, in close cases, your own credible statements plus your service records.

Flatfoot is not a VA presumptive condition. Service connection must be established through one of the following pathways.

Across published DC 5276 decisions, here is how often the Board granted by the legal theory the claim was argued on:

Whether you are arguing aggravation, direct service connection, or a secondary pathway, the record VA actually reviews centers on a small set of documents and data points.

• Your entrance and separation exams. Whether flatfoot was noted at entry, and what the record shows about its severity by the time you left service. This single comparison decides whether you are arguing aggravation or a direct claim.
• A current diagnosis: a foot exam confirming pes planus is present now. Without it, the claim does not get off the ground.
• Service treatment records: documented foot pain, blisters, numbness, arch supports, or shoe inserts issued during service, all of which help show the condition worsened while you were in.
• The diagnostic codes involved: DC 5276 for the flatfoot itself, plus whatever code applies to a related condition, for example DC 5269 (plantar fasciitis) or the code for a knee, hip, or back disability if you're pursuing a secondary claim off an already-connected foot.
• The Foot Conditions DBQ: the form the examiner fills out documenting deformity, tenderness, swelling on use, callosities, and whether orthotics relieve your symptoms, discussed in more detail later in this guide.

• Your entrance and separation exams. For an aggravation claim, these show whether flatfoot was noted at entry and how much it worsened by the time you left. This is the single most important record for pre-existing flatfoot.
• A current exam documenting the objective signs the rating turns on: deformity, tenderness, swelling on use, callosities, inward bowing, and the weight-bearing line, so the rater can place you above the mild level.
• Whether orthotics help, and what pain and deformity remain despite them, since relief by arch support caps the rating at mild.
• Service treatment records showing in-service foot complaints: documented foot pain, blisters, numbness, or issued arch supports and shoe inserts during service help prove the condition actually worsened while you were in, not just that your feet hurt on occasion. Request your full service treatment records early.
• A private nexus opinion that discusses your specific facts. For aggravation or secondary claims, an opinion that clearly explains why service worsened your flatfoot, and that engages your actual history rather than only general medical literature, can carry the case even when the VA exam gave no opinion at all. See nexus letters.
• Specific, detailed lay testimony tied to your service. Concrete descriptions of how service worsened your feet, long marches, running in boots, carrying heavy gear, extended time on your feet, carry more weight than a general statement, especially when backed by your records. If your service included combat, say so; VA must accept a credible combat-consistent account of worsening even without a contemporaneous medical note.
• The Foot Conditions DBQ, which captures the flatfoot findings, one or both feet, and the severity the rating depends on. See the DBQ guide.

Beyond the general "no diagnosis" and "no nexus" reasons covered above, a few specific denial patterns show up often enough in published flatfoot decisions to call out on their own.

The level is set by how severe the deformity and symptoms are, and whether one or both feet are affected. The higher percentages require objective signs, not just pain.

The same handful of missteps account for most lost or under-rated flatfoot claims. Among the Board's classified service-connection denials for flatfoot, here is what claims most often fell short on:

A condensed version of everything above, in the order it actually matters when you sit down to build your file.

Flatfoot means the arch of the foot has dropped so that most or all of the sole touches the ground. It can cause foot pain, arch and heel pain, swelling, and an inward roll of the ankle that throws off the whole leg. The VA rates acquired flatfoot, the kind that develops or worsens over time, under diagnostic code 5276, part of the musculoskeletal schedule (see 38 CFR § 4.71a).

If flatfoot was not noted at entry, the presumption of soundness applies, and you are on the ordinary direct or secondary path instead. Which situation you are in changes the whole claim, so the first thing to check is what your entrance exam actually recorded. See presumption of soundness and aggravation.

Bring these together before you submit anything.

For the mechanics of actually submitting the claim, see the Standard Claim Guide and the Fully Developed Claim Guide (filing with all your evidence up front can speed up the decision).

Once you file, your claim moves through a series of hand-offs. Understanding who does what helps you know who to contact, and what to expect, at each stage.

1. You file the claim. Directly with VA, through VA.gov, or with the help of an accredited representative.
2. VA acknowledges the claim and assigns it for development. A Veteran Service Representative (VSR) is assigned to gather your service treatment records, VA and private medical records, and any other evidence needed.
3. The VSR orders a Compensation & Pension (C&P) exam if one is needed. Most flatfoot claims do, especially aggravation claims where the exam has to compare current severity against what your entrance exam recorded.
4. The C&P exam is conducted. By a VA clinician or a contracted examiner, who completes the Foot Conditions DBQ documenting the diagnosis, severity, whether orthotics help, and, where relevant, a nexus opinion.
5. The file goes to a Rating Veteran Service Representative (RVSR), the "rater." The rater reviews the complete file, including the exam results, and decides whether service connection is warranted and at what percentage.
6. A senior reviewer may review the decision before it's finalized, depending on the complexity of the claim.
7. VA issues the decision letter. This states whether the claim is granted or denied, the rating percentage if granted, and the reasons behind the decision.
8. If you disagree, you choose an appeal lane. Higher-Level Review, Supplemental Claim, or a Board appeal, covered later in this guide.

Who's who: VSO vs. VSR vs. Rater vs. C&P Examiner

For the full walkthrough of every stage with more detail, see Inside Your Claim and Claim Stages.

A Disability Benefits Questionnaire (DBQ) is the standardized form an examiner completes for your condition, it structures the exam findings into the specific data points VA's rating schedule requires (for flatfoot, that includes deformity, tenderness, swelling on use, callosities, the weight-bearing line, and whether orthotics relieve symptoms). See the DBQ Guide for how these forms work, including whether a private DBQ completed by your own doctor can be submitted instead of relying solely on a VA exam.

Before your C&P exam, bring a clear, specific account of your symptoms, focus on your worst days and how the condition affects daily function, not just how you feel on an average day. Note whether you wear orthotics and what symptoms persist despite them. Be consistent with what's already in your medical records and prior statements. For a full walkthrough of what to expect and how to prepare, see the C&P Exam Prep Guide.

Your decision letter has two parts: a narrative section explaining the reasoning (often called "reasons and bases"), and a codesheet showing the actual rating percentage, the effective date, and the diagnostic code used. See the Reading Your Decision Letter Guide for how to find and interpret each part, or use the Letter Interpreter tool to upload your own letter and get a plain-English breakdown.

If your claim is denied, or the rating is lower than you expected, you have three main lanes:

• Supplemental Claim: refile with new and relevant evidence, such as a new nexus opinion, updated exam findings, or newly located service treatment records. This is also the correct lane to reopen a flatfoot claim after a prior final denial, not a general application. See Supplemental Claim Guide.
• Higher-Level Review (HLR): a senior reviewer looks at the same evidence again for a difference of opinion, no new evidence is added. See HLR Guide.
• Board Appeal: your case goes to a Veterans Law Judge at the Board of Veterans' Appeals, with options for a direct review, an evidence docket, or a hearing. See Board Appeal Guide.

Not sure which lane fits your situation? See the Appeals decision guide for a side-by-side comparison of all three.

A grant is not always the end of the story. Many veterans who already have flatfoot service-connected end up back at the Board fighting over the rating percentage, the effective date, or a rating reduction rather than service connection itself. A few rules matter here:

• 50% is the ceiling. The maximum schedular rating for bilateral flatfoot is 50 percent under DC 5276. Once you're there, the flatfoot itself cannot be rated higher on the schedule, though a distinct condition it caused, like plantar fasciitis under DC 5269, can carry its own separate rating as long as the symptoms are genuinely distinct and not the same ones already compensated (avoiding pyramiding under 38 CFR § 4.14).
• Reductions have to be justified. VA cannot cut your rating just because a new exam looks a little better; it has to show your actual ability to function improved, following 38 CFR § 3.344. Improper reductions can be challenged and the prior rating restored.
• Effective dates on reopened claims usually run from the reopening filing date. After a prior final denial, your effective date usually cannot be earlier than the date you filed the claim to reopen. Old service records can sometimes move it earlier, but only if they are actually relevant to why you were denied.

Keep your treatment consistent, continued follow-up and records showing whether orthotics still help, protects you if VA schedules a future reexamination. Not every rating gets reexamined; understand when a rating becomes protected from future review (including Permanent and Total status) and what to do if VA proposes to reduce it. See Protect Your Rating and Future Reexaminations for the specifics.

If your flatfoot worsens after the initial grant, you can file for an increased rating. See the Rating Increase Guide.

Flatfoot changes how force travels up the leg, so it sits at the start of a chain, and it can also be the downstream result of another condition. Each bar below is the Board's grant rate for DC 5276 in that pairing, with the number of decisions under it. They describe the published record across many veterans, not a prediction about any one claim.

Conditions that can cause flatfoot (flatfoot as the secondary)

Claims where flatfoot was argued as secondary to an already service-connected condition, one way this guide's "ways to connect via another condition" list applies:

Conditions flatfoot can cause (flatfoot as the primary)

Conditions veterans have claimed as caused or aggravated by service-connected flatfoot, as the fallen arch and altered gait strain the rest of the chain, once the flatfoot itself is already service-connected:

Service Connection Pathways

From Filing to Decision: Who Does What